The protective layer of tears constantly covering the surface of the eye.

Basal tears is a term used to distinguish the quality and composition of the tear film which normally covers the surface of the eye from the reflex tears secreted as a result of eye irritation (wind, something in the eye etc) or those triggered by emotion.

Tear film

Reflex tears

Dry Eye for Dummies: What are my tears made of and why should I care?

Abstract: Basal and reflex human tear analysis. II. Chemical analysis: lactoferrin and lysozyme. Stuchell RN, Farris RL, Mandel ID, Ophthalmology. 1981 Aug;88(8):858-61.

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